Research Proposal on Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles using for water treatment//How to Write Research Proposal//Research proposal on TiO2

Learn To Converge Your Dreams with Durgam Vigyan Sansthana Institute.

Hello Dear visitors, Welcome to my website. 

Title:

        Synthesis and Characterization Techniques of TiO₂ nanoparticles for Wastewater Treatment.

Introduction:

        Industrialization measures the economic and general growth of a country. We should be proud of the success we gained in Industrialization. But we must not forget that almost all the industries produce toxic waste such as industrial wastewater, new plastics, synthetic detergents, solvents, and food additives. Nowadays, industrial wastewater is one of the most powerful problems on our planet. Industries use coloring structures (or coloring agents) known as dyes which are present in industrial wastewater. These agents enhance the toxicity of industrial wastewater and reduce their biodegradability will impact badly on human health and the environment. Many researchers reported industrial water-borne diseases like hepatitis, cholera, dysentery, diarrhea, typhoid etcetera. Dyes are mainly classified into two categories, natural dyes, and synthetic dyes. Indigo Carmine (IC) dye is mostly used in industries and household purposes, it is a toxic dye. 

 Visit my youtube channel and subscribe

        A wide range of technologies has used developed for the removal of synthetic dyes from waters and wastewaters to decrease the environmental impact these include membrane filtration process (nano-filtration, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis) and absorption techniques, coagulation or flocculation combined with both flotation and filtration, precipitation, traditional methods used for water treatment. But the chemical stability of the pollutants is relatively high so traditional wastewater treatment methods are markedly ineffective for handling wastewater of synthetic textile dyes.

 

        One of the most famous methods, Photocatalysis can be preferred over these traditional techniques. Photocatalysis is the advanced oxidation process (AOP), which is also known as the green method that is applied and adopted globally. Degradation of dyes and recycling of water can be reasonable solutions with this method. In this method, we use binary semiconductors as photocatalysts. The promising bandgap of photocatalyst should be between 1.7 eV and 3.2 eV to occur during the photocatalysis process. An appropriate semiconductor for photocatalysis must have the following properties. Appropriate bandgap, efficient light absorption, high carrier mobility, non-toxic, and chemically stable, it should be cheap and abundant. Above all properties are satisfied by metal oxide semiconductor Titanium Dioxide (TiO2).

 

        The nanoparticle is a common word not only in research but also in ordinary life. The typical size associated with nanoparticles is 1 to 100 nm and we know that the quantum confinement effect is observed when the size of the particle is too small to be comparable to the wavelength of the electron so, at the nanometer size, the quantum confinement effect is prominent, and this effect leads to the generation of exotic properties of nanomaterials. So here we will use TiO2 nanoparticles for the degradation of various organic pollutants because TiO2 has a better optical absorption spectrum. And the synthesis process of TiO2 nanoparticles is quite difficult using traditional ways such as the hydrothermal method, solvothermal method, precipitation method, laser ablation, and mechanical milling. So, in this study, we can use the sol-gel process which is another one of the promising technique due to its unique properties like it is a low-cost method, sol-gel is an easy method, excellent chemical homogeneity, the sol-gel method can control size, morphology & Phase, low-temperature process.

Objective:

        From the literature, it is reviewed that water-related problems around the world are the biggest ones. For this water purification, a large number of methods are present as discussed in the literature, out of those photocatalysis is one of the promising methods. These semiconductor nanoparticles (TiO₂, CdS, ZnO) are useful as a catalyst, and out of these TiO₂ nanoparticles will be preferred for the degradation of various organic pollutants because TiO₂ has a better optical absorption spectrum, TiO₂ is abundant in nature and ease to synthesized. It is also reviewed that among all the synthesis methods, the sol-gel is most promising because one can control the size and growth of TiO₂ nanoparticles in a precise way therefore the future work is to synthesize TiO₂ nanoparticles by the sol-gel method and to use these TiO₂ nanoparticles for degradation of dye hence our objective will be “Synthesis and Characterization Techniques of TiO₂ nanoparticles for Wastewater Treatment.”

Methodology:

        From the literature survey, it was seen that there were several synthesis techniques each of them having its own feature and drawbacks. Also, the dyes they used in the experiments were different. And the photodegradation methods for the degradation of dye were also different. Hence in order to get better results one must follow the proper methodology to achieve the final conclusion. In my future work, I will use the following methodology.

1.      I will try the sol-gel method of synthesis of TiO₂.

2.      For better results TiO₂ can be doped with noble metal-semiconductor nanoparticles.

3.      After getting the sample, will optimize the heat treatment temperature and time to get better crystallization in samples.

4.       I will do the various characterizations for the confirmation of results,

a.       XRD

b.      SEM

c.       UV-vis

d.      PL

5.      From the characterization choose the sample which gives better results for degradation.

6.      Optimize the catalyst dose for degradation.

Implications:

The Photocatalysis process will be carried out on IC dye and wastewater will be toxic-free. This method can be used in industries on a large scale to purify wastewater. Due to this, water-based diseases will reduce. We will also use TiO₂ for other dyes.

References:

        [1] S. Mahshid , M. Askari , M. Sasani Ghamsari, Synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles by hydrolysis and peptization of titanium isopropoxide solution,  Department of Material Science & Eng., Sharif Industrial University, 11365-9466 Tehran, Iran, Solid State Laser Division, Laser Research Center, North Karegar, 11365-8486 Tehran, Iran , Journal of Materials Processing Technology 189 (2007) 296–300.

[2] Castro-Beltrána, P.A. Luqueb, H.E. Garrafa-Gálveza, R.A. Vargas-Ortiza,A. Hurtado-Macíasc, A. Olivasd, J.L. Almaral-Sáncheza, C.G. Alvarado-Beltrána, Titanium butoxide molar ratio effect in the TiO₂ nanoparticles size and methylene blue degradation, 157 (2018) 890–894.

[3] R.S. Dubey, Temperature-dependent phase transformation of TiO₂ nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel method, Advanced Research Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Devices, Department of Nanotechnology, Swarnandhra College of Engineering and Technology, Seetharampuram, Narsapur, A.P., India, 215 (2018) 312–317.