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CONTENT
Sr. no. |
Particular |
Page no. |
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION |
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1.1 |
Water related issues over the world |
1 |
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1.2 |
Pollutants for photocatalytic degradation |
1.2.1 Classification of dye |
2 |
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1.2.2 Dye selected for photocatalytic activity |
3 |
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1.3 |
Different dye removal methods |
3 |
|||
1.4 |
What is Photocatalysis |
4 |
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1.5 |
Semiconductors for Photocatalysis |
5 |
|||
1.6 |
Mechanism of Photocatalytic process |
7 |
|||
1.7 |
Nanoparticles |
8 |
|||
1.8 |
TiO2 Nanoparticles |
9 |
|||
1.9 |
Synthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticles |
11 |
|||
1.10 |
Sol-gel Technique |
12 |
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REFERENCES |
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CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW AND METHODOLOGY |
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2.1 |
Review of Literature |
15 |
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2.2 |
Objective |
18 |
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2.3 |
Methodology |
18 |
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REFERENCES |
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CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL AND CHARACTERISATION TECHNIQUES |
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3.1 |
Sol-gel technique to synthesize NTO |
20 |
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Characterization Techniques |
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3.2 |
X-ray Diffractometer |
21 |
|||
3.3 |
Scanning Electron Microscopy |
22 |
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3.4 |
UV-VIS Spectroscopy |
23 |
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3.5 |
Photoluminescence |
25 |
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REFERENCES |
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CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISSCUSSION |
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4.1 |
XRD Analysis |
28 |
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4.2 |
SEM Analysis |
30 |
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4.3 |
UV-Vis Analysis |
31 |
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4.4 |
PL Analysis |
32 |
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REFERENCES |
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CHAPTER 5 PHOTOCATALYSIS STUDY |
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5.1 |
Photocatalytic study of prepared catalyst for degradation of Indigo Carmine (IC) |
35 |
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5.2 |
Experimental |
35 |
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5.3 |
Result and Discussion |
36 |
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5.4 |
Mechanism of Photocatalysis |
37 |
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REFERENCES |
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CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE |
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6.1 |
Conclusion |
40 |
|||
6.2 |
Future Scope |
40 |
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Fig. No. |
List of Figure |
Page No. |
1.1 |
Classification of dye. |
2 |
1.2 |
Diagram depicting bandgaps of various semiconductor photocatalyst. |
6 |
1.3 |
Photocatalytic generation of hydroxyl radicals. |
7 |
1.4 |
Block diagram of sol-gel technique. |
12 |
3.1 |
Sol-gel for synthesizing TiO2 NPs. |
20 |
3.2 |
Ray diagram describing the scanning electron microscope technique. |
23 |
3.3 |
Ray diagram of UV-Vis Spectroscopy.
|
24 |
3.4 |
Spectrophotometer JASCO V670. |
24 |
3.5 |
Ray diagram associated with Spectrofluorometer. |
25 |
3.6 |
Spectrofluorometer JASCO FP-8200. |
26 |
4.1 |
Powder XRD pattern of as-synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles calcinated at 3500C and different pH (1, 3, and 5). |
29 |
4.2 |
SEM images of prepared samples at different pH and annealed at 350oC for 2 hrs. |
31 |
4.3 |
UV–vis absorption spectra of TiO2 nanoparticles calcinated at 3000C in different pH (1, 3, and 5). |
31 |
4.4 |
Photoluminescence spectrum of prepared TiO2 nanoparticles. |
33 |
5.1 |
UV–Vis absorption spectra of indigo carmine solution catalyzed at room temperature in the presence of tio2 nanoparticles. |
36 |
5.2 |
Mechanism of Photocatalysis. |
37 |
Sr. No. |
List of Table |
Page No. |
1.1 |
Chemical formula and Chemical weight of IC dye. |
3 |
1.2 |
Definitions of nanoparticles and nanomaterials by various organizations. |
9 |
1.3 |
Four form of TiO2 with crystal structure. |
10 |
3.1 |
Prepared TiO2 nanoparticles in different pH. |
20 |
4.1 |
Crystallite sizes of prepared samples |
29 |
4.1 |
Shows the energy bandgap of prepared TiO2 nanoparticles in the different pH values. |
31 |
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